咏水仙

内容介绍

译文1

[英国]华兹华斯顾子欣译

我好似一朵孤独的流云，

高高地飘游在山谷之上，

突然我看到一大片鲜花，

是金色的水仙遍地开放。

它们开在湖畔，开在树下

它们随风嬉舞，随风飘荡。

它们密集如银河的星星，

像群星在闪烁一片晶莹；

它们沿着海湾向前伸展，

通向远方仿佛无穷无尽；

一眼看去就有千朵万朵，

万花摇首舞得多么高兴。

粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳，

却不知这水仙舞得轻俏；

诗人遇见这快乐的伙伴，

又怎能不感到欢欣雀跃；

我久久凝视--却未能领悟

这景象所带给我的精神至宝。

后来多少次我郁郁独卧，

感到百无聊赖心灵空漠；

这景象便在脑海中闪现，

多少次安慰过我的寂寞；

我的心又随水仙跳起舞来，

我的心又重新充满了欢乐。

译文2

咏水仙又译为我好似一朵流云独自漫游

我独自漫游，像山谷上空悠悠飘过的一朵云霓，蓦然举目，我望见一丛金黄的水仙，缤纷茂密；在湖水之滨，树荫之下，正随风摇曳，舞姿潇洒。

连绵密布，似繁星万点在银河上下闪烁明灭，这一片水仙，沿着湖湾排成延续无尽的行列；一眼便瞥见万多千株，摇颤着花冠，轻盈飘舞。

湖面的涟漪也迎风起舞，水仙的欢悦却胜似涟漪；有了这样愉快的伴侣，诗人怎能不心旷神怡！我凝望多时，却未曾想到这美景给了我怎样的珍宝。

从此，每当我倚榻而卧，或情怀抑郁，或心境茫然，水仙呵，便在心目中闪烁——那是我孤寂时分的乐园；我的心灵便欢情洋溢，和水仙一道舞踊不息。

原版

“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”waswrittenbyWilliamWordsworth,therepresentativepoetoftheearlyromanticism.Asagreatpoetofnature,WilliamWordsworthwasthefirsttofindwordsforthemostelementarysensationsofmanfacetofacewithnaturalphenomena.Thesesensationsareuniversalandoldbut,onceexpressedinhispoetry,becomecharminglybeautifulandnew.Hisdeeplovefornaturerunsthroughshortlyricssuchas“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”

IWanderedLonelyasaCloud

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho’ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;

Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.

Continuousasthestarsthatshine

Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,

Theystretchedinnever-endingline

Alongthemarginofabay:

TenthousandsawIataglance,

Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.

Thewavesbesidethemdanced;butthey

Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee:

Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,

Insuchajocundcompany:

Igazed---andgazed---butlittlethought

Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie

Invacantorinpensivemood,

Theyflashuponthatinwardeye

Whichistheblissofsolitude;

Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,

Anddanceswiththedaffodils.

“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”isapoemaboutnature.Withhispureandpoeticlanguage,Wordsworthbringsusintoabeautifulworldwheretherearedaffodils,treesandbreeze.Wefollowthepoetateveryturnofhisfeelings.Wesharehismelancholywhenhe“wanderedlonelyasacloud”andhisdelightthemomenthisheart“withpleasurefills”.Wecometorealizethegreatpowerofnaturethatmayinfluenceourlifedeeplyasrevealedinthepoem.

EdgarAllanPoeoncedescribedpoetryas“music…combinedwithapleasureidea”.Inthepoem“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”,thepoetalsomakesgreatuseofthe“music”ofthelanguagetoachievesoundbeautyinadditiontoconveymeaning.Heemploysmasculinerhymein“a,b,a,b,c,c”patterntoreceiveemphasisasamusicaleffect.(e.g.“cloud”(a),“hills”(b),“crowd”(a),“daffodils”(b),“trees”(c),“breeze”(c)instanza1).Healsoachievesmusicalqualitybythemanagementofalliteration(e.g.“Thatfloatsonhigho’ervalesandhills”inline2and“Besidethelake,beneaththetrees”inline5)andassonance(e.g.“beneaththetreesinline5”and“Theystretchedinnever-endingline”inline9)andconsonance(e.g.“valesandhills”inline2).Besidestherepetitionofsounds,thepoetalsomakeshispoemastrongappealforusinlanguagethatisrhythmical.Hearrangeshispoeminlinesofiambictetrameterinthemainwithalternationofiambictrimeter.

(e.g.Iwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho’ervalesandhills

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils

Besidethelake,beneaththetrees

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze)

Hesloweddownthetempoinline4tokeepinaccordancewithhisbatedbreaththemomentheglimpsesatahostofgoldendaffodilsthusconveytousthepoet’sintoxicationinthefaceofnature.Withallthesemusicaldevices,Wordsworthsecuresasonglikeeffectofhispoeminadditiontocommunicatehisemotionandmeaning.

Anoldsayinggoes“Therearepicturesinpoetryandpoetryinpictures”.ItfindsitsmosteloquentexamplesinmostoftheChineseTangpoemsthatpresentthereaderswithbeautifulpictures.Inthepoem“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”,thepoetalsoseekstoexpresshisemotionsbyprovidingthesenseimpressionshehasthroughimagery.Hedepictsapictureinwhich“ahostofgoldendaffodils(visualimagery)flutteringanddancinginthebreeze”(kinaestheticimagery)sovividlythatitappealsrichlytooursensesandtoourimagination.

Wordsworth,inthepoem,alsoemploysfigurativelanguagetoevokenotonlythevisualeffectbutalsotheemotionalresponse.(e.g.inline1,thepoetmakesacomparisonbetween“Iwanderedlonely”and“acloud”bytheuseofsimile,thusconveytoushislonelyandmelancholymoodwiththeimageof“cloud”.Inline7,healsoamplifiesthevisualeffectbytheuseofanothersimile“Continuousasthestarsthatshine…”toevokeoursenseof“daffodils”withtheimageof“stars”twinklingonthemilkywaywhichisfamiliartousall.Hegoesfurthertoimpressuswiththeimageofcountlessdaffodilswithanoverstatementinline9“Theystretchedinnever-endingline”).Besides,naturalthingsarealsoendowedwithhumanbeing’scharactersbythepoet’ssubtleuseofpersonification.(e.g.“Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance”“Thewavesbesidethemdanced”)therefore,aswereadthepoem,webecomeawareofthepoet’sdeeplovetowardnaturethroughhislovelyandvividdescriptionaboutnaturalthingswithhisfigurativelanguage.

What’smore,Wordsworthgoesfurthertocommunicatehisemotionandmeaningbyhisthoughtfultone.Thechooseoftheword“lonely”in“Iwanderedlonelyasacloud”insteadofotherwordslikecarefree,leisureorjollyconveytousthepoet’sdepressionanddisconsolatenessattheverybeginning.Butashecatchessightofdaffodilsstretchingasfarastheeyescanseeandfindshimselfinthemidstofnature,hislonelinessturnsintorelaxationandjoy.Thustheshiftofthepoet’smoodfromsadnesstohappinessmanifeststhetheme---thegreatinfluenceofnatureuponhumanbeing.

鉴赏评价

这首诗写于诗人从法国回来不久。诗人带着对自由的向往去了法国，参加一些革命活动。但法国革命没有带来预期的结果，随之而来的是混乱。诗人的失望和受的打击是可想而知的，后来在他的朋友和妹妹的帮助下，情绪才得以艰难地恢复。这首诗就写于诗人的心情平静之后不久。

在诗的开头，诗人将自己比喻为一朵孤独的流云，孤单地在高高的天空飘荡。孤傲的诗人发现一大片金色的水仙，它们欢快地遍地开放。在诗人的心中，水仙已经不是一种植物了，而是一种象征，代表了一种灵魂，代表了一种精神。

水仙很多，如天上的星星，都在闪烁。水仙似乎是动的，沿着弯屈的海岸线向前方伸展。诗人为有这样的旅伴而欢欣鼓舞、欢呼跳跃。在诗人的心中，水仙代表了自然的精华，是自然心灵的美妙表现。但是，欢快的水仙并不能时时伴在诗人的身边，诗人离开了水仙，心中不时冒出忧郁孤寂的情绪。这时诗人写出了一种对社会、世界的感受：那高傲、纯洁的灵魂在现实的世界只能郁郁寡欢。当然，诗人的脑海深处会不时浮现水仙那美妙的景象，这时的诗人双情绪振奋，欢欣鼓舞。

诗歌的基调是浪漫的，同时带着浓烈的象征主义色彩。可以说，诗人的一生只在自然中找到了寄托。